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Positive Bowditch effect causes an increase in cardiac output due to the increased force of contraction of heart muscles. [7] This phenomenon is usually absent or even reversed (negative Bowditch effect) in heart failure and other diseases of heart, such as cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease.
Lissajous curves can also be generated using an oscilloscope (as illustrated). An octopus circuit can be used to demonstrate the waveform images on an oscilloscope. Two phase-shifted sinusoid inputs are applied to the oscilloscope in X-Y mode and the phase relationship between the signals is presented as a Lissajous figure.
Sensitizing troponin-C to the effects of calcium. Phosphorylating L-type calcium channels. This will increase their permeability to calcium, allowing more calcium into the myocyte cells, increasing contractility. An abrupt increase in afterload enhances myocardial contractility and prolongs systolic ejection time through the Anrep effect. This ...
The negative-energy particle then crosses the event horizon into the black hole, with the law of conservation of energy requiring that an equal amount of positive energy should escape. In the Penrose process , a body divides in two, with one half gaining negative energy and falling in, while the other half gains an equal amount of positive ...
Somewhat more formally, Bowditch defines variation as "the angle between the magnetic and geographic meridians at any place, expressed in degrees and minutes east or west to indicate the direction of magnetic north from true north. The angle between magnetic and grid meridians is called grid magnetic angle, grid variation, or grivation."
Edison effect (atomic physics) (electricity) (Thomas Edison) (vacuum tubes) Efimov effect (physics) Einstein effect (disambiguation), several different effects in physics; Einstein–de Haas effect (science) Electro-optic effect (nonlinear optics) Electrocaloric effect (cooling technology) (heat pumps) Electron-cloud effect (particle ...
Homeometric autoregulation occurs independently of cardiomyocyte fiber length, via the Bowditch and/or Anrep effects. [7] Via the Bowditch effect, positive inotropy occurs secondary to an increased cardiac frequency. The exact mechanism for this remains unknown, but it appears to be the result of an increased exposure of the heart to ...
The Dirac sea is a theoretical model of the electron vacuum as an infinite sea of electrons with negative energy, now called positrons. It was first postulated by the British physicist Paul Dirac in 1930 [1] to explain the anomalous negative-energy quantum states predicted by the relativistically-correct Dirac equation for electrons. [2]