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The division of Mongolian society into senior elite lineages and subordinate junior lineages was waning by the nineteenth century. During the 1920s the Communist regime was established. The remnants of the Mongolian aristocracy fought alongside the Japanese and against Chinese , Soviets and Communist Mongolians during World War II , but were ...
Mongolian is the official national language of Mongolia, where it is spoken by nearly 2.8 million people (2010 estimate), [83] and the official provincial language of China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where there are at least 4.1 million ethnic Mongols. [84]
The name Mongolia means the "Land of the Mongols" in Latin. The Mongolian word "Mongol" (монгол) is of uncertain etymology.Sükhbataar (1992) and de la Vaissière (2021) proposed it being a derivation from Mugulü, the 4th-century founder of the Rouran Khaganate, [13] first attested as the 'Mungu', [14] (Chinese: 蒙兀, Modern Chinese Měngwù, Middle Chinese Muwngu), [15] a branch of ...
The Daur Mongol scholar Urgunge Onon published the first translation into English by a native Mongolian in 1990, based on a 1980 Inner Mongolian version by Eldengtei. This was republished as The Secret History of the Mongols: The Life and Times of Chinggis Khan in 2001. A further English translation by Christopher P. Atwood appeared in 2023.
Mongolian is the official national language of Mongolia, where it is spoken (but not always written) by nearly 3.6 million people (2014 estimate), [16] and the official provincial language (both spoken and written forms) of Inner Mongolia, where there are at least 4.1 million ethnic Mongols. [17]
Mongolian culture is also known for its distinctive architectural style, which reflects the country's nomadic tradition and its harsh weather during the winter months and rugged landscape. Mongolian homes or known as "ger" circular in shape and are constructed using a variety of materials including felt and wooden parts.
Čerig žasa-(Middle Mongolian: 扯 舌᠋ 里 克᠌ 札撒) - roughly equivalent to modern Mongolian: цэрэг засах - is a phrase commonly found in the Secret History that means "to set the soldiers in order", in the sense of rallying the soldiers before a battle. In modern Mongolian, the verb zasaglakh (засаглах) means "to ...
The first chapter, The Resilience of the Felt-Walled Tents, provides a background on the rise to power of Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire in 1206. It considers the administration and society of the new empire, and details the campaigns it fought, especially against the Khwarazmian Empire between 1219 and 1221.