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A ganglion (pl.: ganglia) is a group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. In the somatic nervous system , this includes dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia among a few others.
In neurophysiology, a ganglion cell is a cell found in a ganglion (a cluster of neurons in the peripheral nervous system). Examples of ganglion cells include:
In summary, the fibers carried in the ganglion are: Sympathetic fibers from the external carotid plexus, via the facial nerve and its branches. These do not synapse in this ganglion. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus of the Pons, via the chorda tympani and lingual nerve, which synapse at this ganglion.
The celiac ganglion is part of the sympathetic prevertebral chain possessing a great variety of specific receptors and neurotransmitters such as catecholamines, neuropeptides, and nitric oxide and constitutes a modulation center in the pathway of the afferent and efferent fibers between the central nervous system and the ovary.
The geniculate ganglion (from Latin genu, for "knee" [1]) is a bilaterally paired special sense ganglion [2] of the intermediate nerve component of the facial nerve (CN VII). [3] It is situated within facial canal of the head .
In the autonomic nervous system, nerve fibers from the central nervous system to the ganglion are known as preganglionic nerve fibers.All preganglionic fibers, whether they are in the sympathetic division or in the parasympathetic division, are cholinergic (that is, these fibers use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter) and they are myelinated.
The neurotransmitters of postganglionic fibers differ: In the parasympathetic division , neurons are cholinergic . That is to say acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for the communication between neurons on the parasympathetic pathway .
The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve. It is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and innervates the parotid gland for salivation.