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It allows the motor neuron to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction. [2] Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. In the neuromuscular system, nerves from the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system are linked and work together with muscles. [3]
Muscle contraction is the activation of ... influx causes synaptic vesicles containing the neurotransmitter ... is the process by which a muscular action potential in ...
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nicotinic receptors also respond to drugs such as the agonist nicotine. They are found in the central and peripheral nervous system, muscle, and many other tissues of many organisms.
Acetylcholine is a choline molecule that has been acetylated at the oxygen atom. Because of the charged ammonium group, acetylcholine does not penetrate lipid membranes. . Because of this, when the molecule is introduced externally, it remains in the extracellular space and at present it is considered that the molecule does not pass through the blood–brain
The cell receiving the signal, or target cell, may be another neuron, but could also be a gland or muscle cell. [1] Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft where they are able to interact with neurotransmitter receptors on the target cell. Some neurotransmitters are also stored in large dense core vesicles. [2]
It also induces contraction of the internal urethral sphincter [7] of the urinary bladder, [8] [9] although this effect is minor compared to the relaxing effect of β 2-adrenergic receptors. In other words, the overall effect of sympathetic stimuli on the bladder is relaxation, in order to inhibit micturition upon anticipation of a stressful event.
Molecular biology has shown that the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors belong to distinct protein superfamilies.Nicotinic receptors are of two types: Nm and Nn. Nm [1] is located in the neuromuscular junction which causes the contraction of skeletal muscles by way of end-plate potential (EPPs).
The electrical impulse travels along the pre-synaptic neurone axon to synapse with the muscle at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to cause muscle contraction. [17] When the action potential reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the opening of the calcium ion gated channels, which causes the influx of Ca 2+.