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W. H. Harvey (1811–1866) and Lamouroux (1813) [34] were the first to divide macroscopic algae into four divisions based on their pigmentation. This is the first use of a biochemical criterion in plant systematics.
The brown algae include the largest and fastest growing of seaweeds. [6] Fronds of Macrocystis may grow as much as 50 cm (20 in) per day, and the stipes can grow 6 cm (2.4 in) in a single day. [13] Growth in most brown algae occurs at the tips of structures as a result of divisions in a single apical cell or in a row of such
In the classification system of Adl et al. 2005, the red algae are classified in the Archaeplastida, along with the glaucophytes and the green algae plus land plants (Viridiplantae or Chloroplastida). The authors use a hierarchical arrangement where the clade names do not signify rank; the class name Rhodophyceae is used for the red algae.
Chlorophyll a binds to thylakoids, while the c pigment is present in the stroma. [10] The most frequent accessory pigment in ochrophytes is the yellow β-carotene. The golden-brown or brown pigmentation in diatoms, brown algae, golden algae and others is conferred by the xanthophyll fucoxanthin.
Chlorophyll is the primary pigment in plants; it is a chlorin that absorbs blue and red wavelengths of light while reflecting a majority of green. It is the presence and relative abundance of chlorophyll that gives plants their green color. All land plants and green algae possess two forms of this pigment: chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
The Chlorophyceae are one of the classes of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology. [2] They are usually green due to the dominance of pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The chloroplast may be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral- or ribbon-shaped in different species.
Turbinaria contains fucoxanthin which is a carotenoid pigment found in all brown algae. Its functions lie in the harvesting of light and energy transfer. [ 4 ] The genus has high levels of iron (893.7 ± 210.5 g −1 μg dry weight), [ 20 ] and has an affinity for arsenic and nickel, depending on the concentrations in the environments in which ...
The origin of the chloroplasts from green algae is supported by their pigmentation, which includes chlorophylls a and b, and by genetic similarities. The only other groups of algae that contain nucleomorphs are a few species of dinoflagellates , which also have plastids originating from green algae, [ 6 ] and the cryptomonads , which acquired ...