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The molar ionic conductivity of each ionic species is proportional to its electrical mobility (μ), or drift velocity per unit electric field, according to the equation = where z is the ionic charge, and F is the Faraday constant. [9]
where + and are the numbers of cations and anions respectively per formula unit of electrolyte. [2] In practice the molar ionic conductivities are calculated from the measured ion transport numbers and the total molar conductivity.
Conductivity or specific conductance of an electrolyte solution is a measure of its ability to conduct electricity. The SI unit of conductivity is siemens per meter (S/m). Conductivity measurements are used routinely in many industrial and environmental applications as a fast, inexpensive and reliable way of measuring the ionic content in a ...
The molar ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in that solution. [3]= = where one half is because we are including both cations and anions, c i is the molar concentration of ion i (M, mol/L), z i is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution.
The Ostwald law of dilution provides a satisfactory description of the concentration dependence of the conductivity of weak electrolytes like CH 3 COOH and NH 4 OH. [3] [4] The variation of molar conductivity is essentially due to the incomplete dissociation of weak electrolytes into ions.
The conductivity of a water/aqueous solution is highly dependent on its concentration of dissolved salts, and other chemical species that ionize in the solution. Electrical conductivity of water samples is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the sample is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher ...
In 1921, solid silver iodide (AgI) was found to have had extraordinary high ionic conductivity at temperatures above 147 °C, AgI changes into a phase that has an ionic conductivity of ~ 1 –1 cm −1. [clarification needed] This high temperature phase of AgI is an example of a superionic conductor.
Hydrogen doping increases conductivity, whilst doping with metal ions (Al, Cu, Mg) reduces it. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The activation energy for lithium transfer across lithium nitride crystals (intercrystalline) has been determined to be higher, at c. 68.5 kJ/mol. [ 7 ] The alpha form is a semiconductor with band gap of c. 2.1 eV .