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Mongolian calligraphy is a form of calligraphy or artistic writing of the Mongolian language. [ 1 ] Although Mongolia uses the Cyrillic script which was adopted during the Communist era, Mongolian calligraphy is written in the traditional Mongolian script .
Various Mongolian writing systems have been devised for the Mongolian language over the centuries, and from a variety of scripts. The oldest and native script, called simply the Mongolian script , has been the predominant script during most of Mongolian history, and is still in active use today in the Inner Mongolia region of China and has de ...
The traditional Mongolian script, [note 1] also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, [note 2] was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946.
A full English translation of the inscriptions may be found in The Orkhon Inscriptions: Being a Translation of Professor Vilhelm Thomsen's Final Danish Rendering. The two monuments themselves have engravings on all four sides. However, some of the script was not preserved, or is missing, and therefore only portions of the original message remain.
The Daur Mongol scholar Urgunge Onon published the first translation into English by a native Mongolian in 1990, based on a 1980 Inner Mongolian version by Eldengtei. This was republished as The Secret History of the Mongols: The Life and Times of Chinggis Khan in 2001. A further English translation by Christopher P. Atwood appeared in 2023.
The word 'Mongolia' ('Mongol') in Cyrillic script. The Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet (Mongolian: Монгол Кирилл үсэг, Mongol Kirill üseg or Кирилл цагаан толгой, Kirill tsagaan tolgoi) is the writing system used for the standard dialect of the Mongolian language in the modern state of Mongolia.
Only used for words of foreign origin, such as kal bu dun (gen. pl.) from Sanskrit kalpa "aeon" [cf. Mongolian ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪ galab], with the single exception of the common Mongolian word ye kee "large, great" [cf. Mongolian ᠶᠡᠬᠡ yeke] kiw 裘 qiú, kue 夔 kuí: 2 ꡁ ཁ: kh: kheen "who" [cf. Mongolian ᠬᠡᠨ ken] khang 康 kāng ...
Consonants in words containing back vowels that were followed by *i in Proto-Mongolian became palatalized in Modern Mongolian. In some words, word-final *n was dropped with most case forms, but still appears with the ablative, dative and genitive. [15] Only foreign origin words start with the letter L and none start with the letter R. [16]