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"State intervention in economic production may take place only where private initiative is lacking or is insufficient, or when are at stakes the political interest of the State. This intervention may take the form of control, encouragement or direct management." [4] Article 13: "The duty of employment is under control of the corporate organs.
Cartels and quasi-cartels (whether of big business or small) set prices, engaged in limiting production, and agreed to divide markets and classify consumers in order to realize a monopoly profit. [136] In the same book, Schweitzer details the triangular power structure that existed between the Nazi Party, big business and the generals in 1936.
Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 under a parliamentary coalition until the National Fascist Party seized control and ushered in a one-party dictatorship by early 1925. The growth in Mussolini’s popularity to the extent of becoming a national leader was gradual as would be expected for a leader of any fascist movement. [2]
The creation of the Chamber of Fasces and Corporations was the culmination of the progressive curtailment of the independence of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy following Mussolini's formal proclamation of dictatorship in 1925. All other parties were formally banned in 1926, though Italy had effectively been a one-party state for a year ...
Government control of business was part of Mussolini's policy planning. By 1935, he claimed that three-quarters of Italian businesses were under state control. Later that year, Mussolini issued several edicts to further control the economy, e.g. forcing banks, businesses, and private citizens to surrender all foreign-issued stock and bond ...
The council was created to head any business operations in foreign countries as needed. A very prominent figure was Roman Vidal Salvi. Believed to be an important player to the Squadristi, he moved up in ranks within Mussolini's cabinet as an advisor. However, it was short lived as the two were at odds concerning how to integrate with Germany ...
The state was given the authority as sole arbitrator over capital-labour negotiations, significantly increasing the power of the state. Overall, it placed Prime Minister Benito Mussolini in a far greater position of control over that of the workers within industry, and acted to effectively ban free trade unions.
Mussolini argued that although Italian Fascism did not support a return to dynamic or heroic capitalism, he appreciated heroic capitalism for its industrial advances and technological achievements, and Italian Fascism admired "capitalist production, captains of industries, modern entrepreneurs". [5]