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The technique, termed VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid)/Cryo, was endorsed by the World Health Organization in 2010. Vinegar is brushed on a woman's cervix and precancerous spots turn white. These can be instantly frozen off with a metallic probe cooled with dry ice.
Visual inspection involves the application of ascetic acid or lugol's iodine solution to the cervix. These solutions highlight abnormal areas for easier identification with the naked eye. A magnifying camera called a colposcope can also be utilized for clearer viewing when available. [2]
Acetic acid solution is applied to the surface of the cervix using cotton swabs to improve visualization of abnormal areas. [citation needed]. Areas of the cervix that turn white (acetowhiteness) after the application of acetic acid or have an abnormal vascular pattern are often considered for biopsy.
Experimental visualization techniques use broad-band light (e.g., direct visualization, speculoscopy, cervicography, visual inspection with acetic acid or with Lugol's, and colposcopy) and electronic detection methods (e.g., Polarprobe and in vivo spectroscopy). These techniques are less expensive and can be performed with significantly less ...
This is often done through colposcopy, a magnified visual inspection of the cervix aided by using a dilute acetic acid (e.g. vinegar) solution to highlight abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix, [5] with visual contrast provided by staining the normal tissues a mahogany brown with Lugol's iodine. [59]
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
As a gel it may be used to adjust the pH of the vagina. [4] It may also be applied to the cervix to help detect cervical cancer during screening. [5] Side effects may include burning at the site of application. [6] Allergic reactions may rarely occur. [6] Use is not recommended in the ear in people who have a hole in the eardrum. [7]
An inexpensive, cost-effective and practical alternative in poorer countries is visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). [43] Instituting and sustaining cytology-based programs in these regions can be difficult, due to the need for trained personnel, equipment and facilities and difficulties in follow-up.