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A vortex beam of order l will be split into n = l + 1 lobes, roughly around the depth of focus of a tilted convex lens. Furthermore, the orientation of lobes (right and left diagonal), determine the positive and negative orbital angular momentum orders. [16] A vortex beam generates a lobe structure when interfered with a vortex of opposite sign.
The strength of a vortex line is constant along its length. Helmholtz's second theorem A vortex line cannot end in a fluid; it must extend to the boundaries of the fluid or form a closed path. Helmholtz's third theorem A fluid element that is initially irrotational remains irrotational. Helmholtz's theorems apply to inviscid flows.
A plughole vortex. The fluid motion in a vortex creates a dynamic pressure (in addition to any hydrostatic pressure) that is lowest in the core region, closest to the axis, and increases as one moves away from it, in accordance with Bernoulli's principle. One can say that it is the gradient of this pressure that forces the fluid to follow a ...
A vortex tube is the surface in the continuum formed by all vortex lines passing through a given (reducible) closed curve in the continuum. The 'strength' of a vortex tube (also called vortex flux ) [ 10 ] is the integral of the vorticity across a cross-section of the tube, and is the same everywhere along the tube (because vorticity has zero ...
This concept includes electrothermal vortex, electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, and electroosmosis induced by combination of optical and electrical energy or by optical-electrical energy transfer. In 1995, an electrothermal vortices induced by a strong IR ( infrared ) laser projected into an electric field have been utilized to concentrate ...
Hill's spherical vortex is an exact solution of the Euler equations that is commonly used to model a vortex ring. The solution is also used to model the velocity distribution inside a spherical drop of one fluid moving at a constant velocity through another fluid at small Reynolds number. [ 1 ]
Under the following three conditions, the vortex lines are transported with (or 'frozen in') the flow: (i) the fluid is inviscid; (ii) either the flow is incompressible (=), or it is compressible with a barotropic relation = between pressure p and density ρ; and (iii) any body forces acting on the fluid are conservative.
The Rankine vortex is a simple mathematical model of a vortex in a viscous fluid. It is named after its discoverer, William John Macquorn Rankine. The vortices observed in nature are usually modelled with an irrotational (potential or free) vortex. However, in a potential vortex, the velocity becomes infinite at the vortex center.