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Saliva maintains the pH of the mouth. Saliva is supersaturated with various ions. Certain salivary proteins prevent precipitation, which would form salts. These ions act as a buffer, keeping the acidity of the mouth within a certain range, typically pH 6.2–7.4. This prevents minerals in the dental hard tissues from dissolving.
During mastication, it allows food to move freely around the mouth and physically protects the underlying tissues from trauma. It accounts for 60% of oral mucosa. [14] [15] Secretion: Saliva is the primary secretion of the oral mucosa. It has many functions including lubrication, pH buffering and immunity.
[17] [18] The normal pH range of saliva is between 6 and 7 and plaque biofilm is known to flourish in a pH between 6.7 and 8.3. [19] [20] This indicates that the natural environment of the mouth provided by saliva is ideal
Ideally, your mouth should remain at a neutral or basic pH, but mealtime can make your mouth more acidic. “Every time you eat, your saliva breaks food down for digestion, ...
In 1831, Erhard Friedrich Leuchs (1800–1837) described the hydrolysis of starch by saliva, due to the presence of an enzyme in saliva, "ptyalin", an amylase. [14] [15] it was named after the Ancient Greek name for saliva: πτύαλον - ptyalon.
Dissolved minerals then diffuse out of the tooth structure and into the saliva surrounding the tooth. The buffering capacity of saliva greatly impacts the pH of plaque surrounding the enamel, thereby inhibiting caries progression. Plaque thickness and the number of bacteria present determine the effectiveness of salivary buffers. [4]
The temperature and pH of saliva makes it conducive for bacteria to survive in the oral cavity. Bacteria in the oral cavity include Streptococcus mutans , Porphyromonas gingivalis , and Staphylococcus . [ 15 ]
Burning mouth syndrome – a burning or tingling sensation in the mouth. [1] [3] Saliva that appears thick or ropey. [9] Mucosa that appears dry. [9] A lack of saliva pooling in the floor of the mouth during examination. [1] Dysphagia – difficulty swallowing and chewing, especially when eating dry foods. Food may stick to the tissues during ...