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An electromagnetic field (also EM field) is a physical field, mathematical functions of position and time, representing the influences on and due to electric charges. [1] The field at any point in space and time can be regarded as a combination of an electric field and a magnetic field .
In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules.
The most common description of the electromagnetic field uses two three-dimensional vector fields called the electric field and the magnetic field.These vector fields each have a value defined at every point of space and time and are thus often regarded as functions of the space and time coordinates.
Position vector r is a point to calculate the electric field; r′ is a point in the charged object. Contrary to the strong analogy between (classical) gravitation and electrostatics , there are no "centre of charge" or "centre of electrostatic attraction" analogues.
This result from relativity proves that magnetic fields are just electric fields in a different reference frame (and vice versa) and so the two are different manifestations of the same underlying electromagnetic field. [21] [22] [23]
In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is the set of waves of an electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Classically , electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves , which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields .
Some observed electromagnetic phenomena cannot be explained with Maxwell's equations if the source of the electromagnetic fields are the classical distributions of charge and current. These include photon–photon scattering and many other phenomena related to photons or virtual photons , " nonclassical light " and quantum entanglement of ...
A null electromagnetic field is characterised by = =. In this case, the invariants reveal that the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular and that they are of the same magnitude (in geometrised units). An example of a null field is a plane electromagnetic wave in Minkowski space.