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Brake linings were invented by Bertha Benz (the wife of Karl Benz, who invented the first patented automobile) during her long-distance car trip, the first in the world, in August 1888, when she told a shoemaker to nail leather onto the brake blocks. The first asbestos brake linings were developed in 1908 by Herbert Frood. [1]
Mac's Spring & Brake Service shop, with Raybestos brakes (ca. 1930-1945). In 1906, Raymond and Law invented the woven brake lining, an important innovation in automotive brakes. From 1919 to 1989 Raybestos brand was manufactured by Raymark Industries, Inc, of Stratford, Connecticut. Raymark Industries filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1998. [2]
Ferodo was the first company to use asbestos for brake linings and developed the first modern brake friction materials. [3] Ferodo UK became part of Turner & Newall in 1926. It had a factory at Chapel-en-le-Frith and in 1964 opened another at Caernarfon. [4] In 1998 Turner & Newall was acquired by the huge automotive group Federal-Mogul. [5]
His invention initially used solid woven cotton impregnated with natural resins for brake pads (friction linings). Later phenol formaldehyde resins were used. Frood became Joint Managing Director of Ferodo with William Horrocks. On 21 January 1920, Ferodo Ltd. was floated on the London Stock Exchange. Frood retired in 1927.
The concept of brake pads or disc brakes as an alternative to drum brakes had been around at least as early as a patent by F. W. Lanchester in 1902. [2] However, due to high cost and inefficiencies compared to drum brakes they were not commonly implemented until after World War II. [3]
On automobiles, disc brakes are often located within the wheel A drilled motorcycle brake disc. The development of disc-type brakes began in England in the 1890s. In 1902, the Lanchester Motor Company designed brakes that looked and operated similarly to a modern disc-brake system even though the disc was thin and a cable activated the brake pad. [4]
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As train loads, gradients and speeds increased, braking became a more significant problem. In the late 19th century, significantly better continuous brakes started to appear. The earliest type of continuous brake was the chain brake [19] which used a chain, running the length of the train, to operate brakes on all vehicles simultaneously.