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The earliest known tool for use in computation is the Sumerian abacus, ... computer software and manuals ... Timeline of Computing History; Computer History ...
An excellent computer history site; the present article is a modified version of his timeline, used with permission. The Evolution of the Modern Computer (1934 to 1950): An Open Source Graphical History , article from Virtual Travelog
Stephen White, A Brief History of Computing; The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012.
Software requires the concept of a general-purpose processor - what is now described as a Turing machine - as well as computer memory in which reusable sets of routines and mathematical functions comprising programs can be stored, started, and stopped individually, and only appears recently in human history.
Computer History Museum; Computers: From the Past to the Present; The First "Computer Bug" at the Naval History and Heritage Command Photo Archives. Bitsavers, an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s; Oral history interviews
The history of computing hardware spans the developments from early devices used for simple calculations to today's complex computers, encompassing advancements in both analog and digital technology. The first aids to computation were purely mechanical devices which required the operator to set up the initial values of an elementary arithmetic ...
SEAC (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer) demonstrated at US NBS in Washington, DC – was the first fully functional stored-program computer in the U.S. May 1950: UK The Pilot ACE computer, with 800 vacuum tubes, and mercury delay lines for its main memory, became operational on 10 May 1950 at the National Physical Laboratory near London.
Apple Computer: Applesoft II BASIC 1980 Apple III Microsoft BASIC: Microsoft Microsoft BASIC 1980–81 CBASIC: Gordon Eubanks: BASIC, Compiler Systems, Digital Research 1980 Smalltalk-80 Adele Goldberg at Xerox PARC: Smalltalk-76 1981 TI Extended BASIC: Texas Instruments: TI BASIC (TI 99/4A) 1981 BBC BASIC: Acorn Computers, Sophie Wilson: BASIC ...