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A pendulum wave is an elementary physics demonstration and kinetic art comprising a number of uncoupled simple pendulums with monotonically increasing lengths. As the pendulums oscillate, they appear to produce travelling and standing waves , beating , and random motion.
An important concept is the equivalent length, , the length of a simple pendulums that has the same angular frequency as the compound pendulum: =:= = Consider the following cases: The simple pendulum is the special case where all the mass is located at the bob swinging at a distance ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } from the pivot.
Assuming no damping, the differential equation governing a simple pendulum of length , where is the local acceleration of gravity, is + = If the maximal displacement of the pendulum is small, we can use the approximation sin θ ≈ θ {\displaystyle \sin \theta \approx \theta } and instead consider the equation d 2 θ d t 2 + g l θ = 0 ...
A pendulum making 25 complete oscillations in 60 s, a frequency of 0.41 6 Hertz In the small-angle approximation , the motion of a simple pendulum is approximated by simple harmonic motion. The period of a mass attached to a pendulum of length l with gravitational acceleration g {\displaystyle g} is given by T = 2 π l g {\displaystyle T=2\pi ...
Although not defined by the pendulum, the final length chosen for the metre, 10 −7 of the pole-to-equator meridian arc, was very close to the length of the seconds pendulum (0.9937 m), within 0.63%. Although no reason for this particular choice was given at the time, it was probably to facilitate the use of the seconds pendulum as a secondary ...
If a simple pendulum is suspended from the cusp of an inverted cycloid, such that the string is constrained to be tangent to one of its arches, and the pendulum's length L is equal to that of half the arc length of the cycloid (i.e., twice the diameter of the generating circle, L = 4r), the bob of the pendulum also traces a cycloid path.
Vibration, standing waves in a string. The fundamental and the first 5 overtones in the harmonic series. A vibration in a string is a wave. Resonance causes a vibrating string to produce a sound with constant frequency, i.e. constant pitch. If the length or tension of the string is correctly adjusted, the sound produced is a musical tone.
where ν is the frequency of the wave, λ is the wavelength, ω = 2πν is the angular frequency of the wave, and v p is the phase velocity of the wave. The dependence of the wavenumber on the frequency (or more commonly the frequency on the wavenumber) is known as a dispersion relation.