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The Indus Valley civilization and ancient China are two other areas with major indigenous urban traditions. Among the early Old World cities, Mohenjo-daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in present-day Pakistan, existing from about 2600 BCE, was one of the largest, with a population of 50,000 or more and a sophisticated sanitation system. [23]
Urban history is a field of history that examines the historical nature of cities and towns, and the process of urbanization.The approach is often multidisciplinary, crossing boundaries into fields like social history, architectural history, urban sociology, urban geography, business history, and archaeology.
Technology embeds the single most dominant characteristic of a city, and the networked character of the city is perpetuated by information technology. [5] Regardless of the deterministic stance (economic, cultural or technological), in the context of globalization , there is a mandate to mold the city to complement the global economic structure ...
Design of Cities, first published in 1967, is an illustrated account of the development of urban form, written by Edmund Bacon (1910–2005), who was the executive director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission from 1949 to 1970. The work looks at the many aspects that influence city design, including spatial form, interactions between ...
Urban culture is the culture of towns and cities.The defining theme is the presence of a large population in a limited space that follows social norms. [1] This makes it possible for many subcultures close to each other, exposed to social influence without necessarily intruding into the private sphere. [2]
A global city [a] is a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network. The concept originates from geography and urban studies, based on the thesis that globalization has created a hierarchy of strategic geographic locations with varying degrees of influence over finance, trade, and culture worldwide.
Built in 1950s Communist Poland, Nowa Huta, now part of Kraków, Poland, serves as an unfinished example of a utopian ideal city, and is still one of the largest planned socialist realist settlements or districts ever built and "one of the most renowned examples of deliberate social engineering" in the entire world. [7]
A global city, also known as a world city, is a prominent centre of trade, banking, finance, innovation, and markets. [264] [265] Saskia Sassen used the term "global city" in her 1991 work, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo to refer to a city's power, status, and cosmopolitanism, rather than to its size. [266]