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The authorized strength of a Civil War infantry regiment was about 1,000 officers and men, arranged in ten companies plus a headquarters and (for the first half of the war at least) a band. Discharges for physical disability, disease, special assignments (bakers, hospital nurses, or wagoners), court-martial, and battle injuries all combined to ...
At the start of the war, the entire United States Army consisted of 16,367 men of all branches, with infantry representing the vast majority of this total. [2] Some of these infantrymen had seen considerable combat experience in the Mexican–American War, as well as in the West in various encounters, including the Utah War and several campaigns against Indians.
The Soviet Union as well as its forerunners and successors have mostly used "regiment" instead of brigade, and this was common in much of Europe until after World War II. A brigade's commander is commonly a major general, [note 1] brigadier general, brigadier or colonel. In some armies, the commander is rated as a general officer.
During the American Civil War the regiment was considered the fundamental unit of recruitment, training and maneuver of the Union Army. [2] However, at the start of the war the Regular Army or United States Army (USA) consisted of just ten regiments of infantry, four regiments of artillery, and five mounted regiments.
By the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863, a 2,000-strong brigade averaged 4.7 regiments, but a year later at the Battle of Cold Harbor such a unit averaged 5.5 regiments. [4] When a brigade was deployed in a battle line , the standard spacing was twenty-two paces between regiments, although in actual practice such intervals were rarely maintained.
(Most artillery and armored regiments had already been broken up for flexibility and maneuverability during World War II.) When the U.S. Army division was reorganized under the Pentomic structure in 1957, the traditional regimental organization was eliminated, raising questions as to what the new units were to be called, how they were to be ...
During the Civil War, there were nine new United States regular army infantry regiments (11th though the 19th) added to the ten already existing. The old regiments (1st through 10th) were single-battalion, ten-company regiments, but the new regiments were authorized three battalions of eight companies each. [20]
During the American Civil War, an infantry or cavalry battalion was an ad hoc grouping of companies from the parent regiment (which had ten companies, A through K, minus J as described below), except for certain regular infantry regiments, which were formally organized into three battalions of six companies each (numbered 1–6 per battalion ...