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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP [1] [2] or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP + is the ...
NADP exists in two forms: NADP+, the oxidized form, and NADPH, the reduced form. NADP is similar to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), but NADP has a phosphate group at the C-2′ position of the adenosyl.
The ratio of NADPH:NADP + is the primary mode of regulation for the enzyme and is normally about 100:1 in liver cytosol [citation needed]. This makes the cytosol a highly-reducing environment. An NADPH-utilizing pathway forms NADP +, which stimulates Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to produce more NADPH.
NADPH oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase) is a membrane-bound enzyme complex that faces the extracellular space. It can be found in the plasma membrane as well as in the membranes of phagosomes used by neutrophil white blood cells to engulf microorganisms.
In enzymology, a glutamate synthase (NADPH) (EC 1.4.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H + 2 L-glutamate + NADP + Thus, the four substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamine, 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate), NADPH, and H +, whereas the two products are L-glutamate and NADP +.
In enzymology, a hydrogen dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.12.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction H 2 + NADP + ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } H + + NADPH Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are H 2 and NADP + , whereas its two products are H + and NADPH .
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are alcohol, NAD +, and NADP +, whereas its 4 products are aldehyde, NADH, NADPH, and H +. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD + or NADP + as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is alcohol:NAD(P) + oxidoreductase.
Ferredoxin: NADP + reductase is the last enzyme in the transfer of electrons during photosynthesis from photosystem I to NADPH. [2] The NADPH is then used as a reducing equivalent in the reactions of the Calvin cycle. [2] Electron cycling from ferredoxin to NADPH only occurs in the light in part because FNR activity is inhibited in the dark. [11]