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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 December 2024. Atypical congenital variations of sex characteristics This article is about intersex in humans. For intersex in other animals, see Intersex (biology). Not to be confused with Hermaphrodite. Intersex topics Human rights and legal issues Compulsory sterilization Discrimination Human ...
XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of defect hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY. Though they typically have normal vulvas, [1] the person has underdeveloped gonads, fibrous tissue termed "streak gonads", and if left untreated, will not experience puberty.
Persons with a complete androgen insensitivity have a typical female external phenotype, despite having a 46,XY karyotype. [16] [17]Individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (grades 6 and 7 on the Quigley scale) are born with an external female phenotype, without any signs of genital masculinization, despite having a 46,XY karyotype. [18]
Manifestations of mixed gonadal dysgenesis are highly variable with asymmetry in gonadal development of testis and streak gonad, accounted for by the percentage of cells expressing XY genotype. [22] [23] The dysgenic testis can have an amount of functional tissue which can produce a level of testosterone, which causes masculinisation. [22] [23]
[14] [5] These include 5-alpha-reductase deficiency and androgen insensitivity syndrome, traits evident in elite Olympic-level women athletes and "the world's first openly intersex mayor". [14] [15] In 2015, the Council of Europe published an Issue Paper on Human rights and intersex people, remarking on a right to life:
After her diagnosis, her doctor recommended she have her testes out due to cancer risk. But meeting other intersex people and activists gave her the confidence and knowledge to push back with an ...
Male development can only occur when the fetal testis secretes key hormones at a critical period in early gestation. The testes begin to secrete three hormones that influence the male internal and external genitalia: they secrete anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Anti-Müllerian hormone causes the ...
She explained that while she was in utero, she developed a vagina but no womb or other internal sex organs associated with the female reproductive system. ‘Learning to pee through a funnel’