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  2. Spectroscopic notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscopic_notation

    This notation is used to specify electron configurations and to create the term symbol for the electron states in a multi-electron atom. When writing a term symbol, the above scheme for a single electron's orbital quantum number is applied to the total orbital angular momentum associated to an electron state.

  3. Term symbol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_symbol

    Paschen notation is a somewhat odd notation; it is an old notation made to attempt to fit an emission spectrum of neon to a hydrogen-like theory. It has a rather simple structure to indicate energy levels of an excited atom. The energy levels are denoted as n′ℓ#. ℓ is just an orbital quantum number of the excited electron.

  4. Molecular term symbol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_term_symbol

    In molecular physics, the molecular term symbol is a shorthand expression of the group representation and angular momenta that characterize the state of a molecule, i.e. its electronic quantum state which is an eigenstate of the electronic molecular Hamiltonian.

  5. Electron configuration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration

    The second notation groups all orbitals with the same value of n together, corresponding to the "spectroscopic" order of orbital energies that is the reverse of the order in which electrons are removed from a given atom to form positive ions; 3d is filled before 4s in the sequence Ti 4+, Ti 3+, Ti 2+, Ti +, Ti.

  6. Hund's rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund's_rules

    As an example, consider the ground state of silicon.The electron configuration of Si is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 2 (see spectroscopic notation).We need to consider only the outer 3p 2 electrons, for which it can be shown (see term symbols) that the possible terms allowed by the Pauli exclusion principle are 1 D , 3 P , and 1 S.

  7. Electromagnetic absorption by water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_absorption...

    Water vapor concentration for this gas mixture is 0.4%. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere, responsible for 70% of the known absorption of incoming sunlight, particularly in the infrared region, and about 60% of the atmospheric absorption of thermal radiation by the Earth known as the greenhouse effect. [25]

  8. Molecular symmetry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_symmetry

    For example, the water molecule has three normal modes of vibration: symmetric stretch in which the two O-H bond lengths vary in phase with each other, asymmetric stretch in which they vary out of phase, and bending in which the bond angle varies. The molecular symmetry of water is C 2v with four irreducible representations A 1, A 2, B 1 and B 2.

  9. Spectral line shape - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_line_shape

    Absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate.The spectrum consists of a series of overlapping lines belonging to a vibronic progression. Spectral line shape or spectral line profile describes the form of an electromagnetic spectrum in the vicinity of a spectral line – a region of stronger or weaker intensity in the spectrum.