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Puddling is the tillage of rice paddies while flooded, an ancient practice that is used to prepare for rice cultivation. Historically, this has been accomplished by dragging a weighted harrow across a flooded paddy field behind a buffalo or ox, and is now accomplished using mechanized approaches, often using a two-wheel tractor.
A rice paddy field in Nigeria The government office responsible for agriculture development and transformation in Nigeria is currently the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development . Primarily funded by Nigeria's federal government, the Ministry currently supervises almost fifty parastatals operating as either departments or ...
In older methods, clean paddy rice was soaked in cold water for 36–38 hours to give it a moisture content of 30–35%, after which the rice was put in parboiling equipment with fresh cold water and boiled until it began to split. The rice was then dried on woven mats, cooled and milled. [11] [12]
Direct seeded rice (DSR) [2] [3] is a practice of sowing paddy which involves planting rice seeds directly into the field, instead of the traditional method of growing seedlings in nurseries and then transplanting them into the fields. This method significantly reduces the demand for labor, one of the major costs associated with rice farming.
To start with the production process, paddy is cleaned by a paddy pre-cleaning machine and the cleaned paddy is stored in raw paddy storage bins. The stored paddy is moved to food-grade stainless steel soaking tanks. Water is drained from the tank and the wet paddy is ready for boiling. Boiling is done by a steam boiler.
Rice processing begins in a milling plant, where the harvested grains run through a production line where the paddy is boiled, dried, de-stoned, de-husked, hulled and shelled into rice. It then is taken to the color sorter machine.
Banaue Rice Terraces of Luzon, Philippines, carved into steep mountainsides Taro fields (loʻi) in Hanalei Valley, Kaua'i, Hawaii Paddy field placed under the valley of Madiun, Indonesia Farmers planting rice in Cambodia. A paddy field is a flooded field of arable land used for growing semiaquatic crops, most notably rice and taro.
The price of a 50 kg bag of rice has increased from 32,000 Naira (64 US-Dollars) to 48,000 Naira (96 US-Dollars) in the second half of 2022, representing 50% inflation as many Nigerian rice farms have been flooded in October 2022.