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  2. Beowulf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf

    Beowulf (/ ˈ b eɪ ə w ʊ l f /; [1] Old English: Bēowulf [ˈbeːowuɫf]) is an Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It is one of the most important and most often translated works of Old English literature.

  3. Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf:_A_Translation_and...

    It represents Tolkien's attempt to reconstruct the folktale underlying the narrative of the first half of Beowulf. The book ends with two versions of Tolkien's "The Lay of Beowulf". The former, subtitled "Beowulf and Grendel", is a poem or song [5] of seven eight-line stanzas about Beowulf's victory over Grendel. The latter is a poem of fifteen ...

  4. Unferð - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unferð

    Unferth only speaks once (an insult aimed at Beowulf), is described as intelligent and a kin-slayer, and is responsible for lending Beowulf his legendary, yet ill-fated sword, Hrunting. Kenneth Sisam argues that readers would be advised not to speculate beyond these basic facts as laid out by the poet. [ 12 ]

  5. Beowulf and Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth

    Tolkien made use of Beowulf, along with other Old English sources, for many aspects of the Riders of Rohan. Their land was the Mark, its name a version of the Mercia where he lived, in Mercian dialect *Marc. Their names are straightforwardly Old English: Éomer and Háma (characters in Beowulf), Éowyn ("Horse-joy"), Théoden ("King").

  6. On Translating Beowulf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Translating_Beowulf

    Tolkien ends the essay with an analysis of lines 210–228 of Beowulf, providing the original text, marked up with stresses and his metrical patterns for each half-line, as well as a literal translation with poetical words underlined. He notes that there are three words for boat and for wave, five for men, four for sea: in each case some are ...

  7. Old English metre - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_metre

    Old English metre is the conventional name given to the poetic metre in which English language poetry was composed in the Anglo-Saxon period. The best-known example of poetry composed in this verse form is Beowulf, but the vast majority of Old English poetry belongs to the same tradition.

  8. Translating Beowulf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translating_Beowulf

    The difficulty of translating Beowulf from its compact, metrical, alliterative form in a single surviving but damaged Old English manuscript into any modern language is considerable, [1] matched by the large number of attempts to make the poem approachable, [2] and the scholarly attention given to the problem.

  9. Finn and Hengest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finn_and_Hengest

    The book is based on an edited series of lectures Tolkien made before and after World War II.In his lectures, Tolkien argued that the Hengest of "The Fight at Finnsburg" and Beowulf was a historical rather than a legendary figure, and that these works record episodes from an orally composed and transmitted history of the Hengest named in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. [1]