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The flora of Madagascar consists of more than 12,000 species of plants, as well as a poorly known number of fungi and algae. Around 83% of Madagascar 's vascular plants are found only on the island. These endemics include five plant families, 85% of the over 900 orchid species, around 200 species of palms, and such emblematic species as the ...
The world's richest diversity of orchid genera and species is found in the tropics. Orchidaceae is one of the two largest families of flowering plants, along with the Asteraceae. It contains about 28,000 currently accepted species distributed across 763 genera. [3] [4] The Orchidaceae family encompasses about 6–11% of all species of seed ...
The island of Sulawesi has about 500 endemic plant species. The islands of Molucca have about 300 endemic plant species and the Lesser Sunda Islands are home to at least 110 endemic plant species. Little is known about the flora of this region. Three of these unique species, Agathis, Pterocarpus indicus and Eucalyptus deglupta, are examples.
Plants are the primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems and form the basis of the food web in those ecosystems. [82] Plants form about 80% of the world biomass at about 450 gigatonnes (4.4 × 10 11 long tons; 5.0 × 10 11 short tons) of carbon. [83]
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (/ ˌ æ n dʒ i ə ˈ s p ər m iː /), [5] [6] commonly called angiosperms.They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of broad-leaved trees, shrubs and vines, and most aquatic plants.
Asteraceae species are generally easy to distinguish from other plants because of their unique inflorescence and other shared characteristics, such as the joined anthers of the stamens. [7] Nonetheless, determining genera and species of some groups such as Hieracium is notoriously difficult (see "damned yellow composite" for example). [8]