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  2. Low-noise amplifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-noise_amplifier

    A low-noise amplifier (LNA) is an electronic component that amplifies a very low-power signal without significantly degrading its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Any electronic amplifier will increase the power of both the signal and the noise present at its input, but the amplifier will also introduce some additional noise.

  3. Noise figure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_figure

    The noise power from a simple load is equal to kTB, where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature of the load (for example a resistor), and B is the measurement bandwidth. This makes the noise figure a useful figure of merit for terrestrial systems, where the antenna effective temperature is usually near the standard 290 K ...

  4. Impedance matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance_matching

    Practical impedance-matching devices will generally provide best results over a specified frequency band. The concept of impedance matching is widespread in electrical engineering, but is relevant in other applications in which a form of energy, not necessarily electrical, is transferred between a source and a load, such as in acoustics or optics.

  5. Noise (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_(electronics)

    Different types of noise are generated by different devices and different processes. Thermal noise is unavoidable at non-zero temperature (see fluctuation-dissipation theorem), while other types depend mostly on device type (such as shot noise, [1] [3] which needs a steep potential barrier) or manufacturing quality and semiconductor defects, such as conductance fluctuations, including 1/f noise.

  6. Transistor array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_array

    Transistor arrays consist of two or more transistors on a common substrate. Unlike more highly integrated circuits, the transistors can be used individually like discrete transistors. That is, the transistors in the array are not connected to each other to implement a specific function. Transistor arrays can consist of bipolar junction ...

  7. 2N3904 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2N3904

    The 2N3904 is a common NPN bipolar junction transistor used for general-purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] [3] It is designed for low current and power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3906 PNP transistor. Both types were registered by Motorola Semiconductor in ...

  8. 2N2222 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2N2222

    It is designed for low to medium current, low power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It was originally made in the TO-18 metal can as shown in the picture. The 2N2222 is considered a very common transistor, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and is used as an exemplar of an NPN transistor.

  9. Wilson current mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_current_mirror

    The input node is a low impedance node so its voltage remains approximately constant during operation at volts. The equivalent voltage for the standard two-transistor mirror is only one base-emitter drop, , or half that of the Wilson mirror. The headroom (the potential difference between the opposite power rail and the input of the mirror ...