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A reformatory or reformatory school is a youth detention center or an adult correctional facility popular during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Western countries. [1] In the United Kingdom and United States, they came out of social concerns about cities, poverty, immigration, and gender following industrialization , as well as from a ...
New York House of Refuge, a reform school completed in 1854. A reform school was a penal institution, generally for teenagers, mainly operating between 1830 and 1900.In the United Kingdom and its colonies, reformatories (commonly called reform schools) were set up from 1854 onward for children who were convicted of a crime, as an alternative to an adult prison.
A supermax prison, Southport Correctional Facility, is located 2 miles (3.2 km) away from Elmira. [citation needed] The facility was founded in 1876 as the Elmira Reformatory and run by its controversial superintendent Zebulon Brockway. Acting with rehabilitative aims, Brockway instilled strict discipline along the lines of military training.
Grounding his claims in anecdotal and eugenic "prison science," Brockway publicly advocated for the reformatory's provision of Christian moral education paired with manual labor as a means of reforming the individual incarcerated therein. He also used the idea of the indeterminate sentence to incentivize prison discipline.
Entrance to The Grove Prison.Built in 1848, it operated as an adult prison from 1848, a borstal from 1921, and a young offenders institution from 1988. A borstal was a type of youth detention centre in the United Kingdom, several member states of the Commonwealth and the Republic of Ireland.
An 1855 engraving of New York's Sing Sing Penitentiary, which also followed the Auburn System. The Auburn system (also known as the New York system and Congregate system) is an American penal method of the 19th century in which prisoners worked during the day in groups and were kept in solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times.
The Ohio State Reformatory (OSR), also known as the Mansfield Reformatory, is a historic prison located in Mansfield, Ohio in the United States.It was built between 1886 and 1910 and remained in operation until 1990, when a United States Federal Court ruling (the 'Boyd Consent Decree') ordered the facility to be closed.
In 1954, the American Prison Association changed its name to the American Correctional Association and the rehabilitative emphasis was formalized in the 1955 United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. Since the 1960s the prison population in the US has risen steadily, even during periods where the crime rate has fallen.