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However, the genotype frequencies for all future times will equal the Hardy–Weinberg frequencies, e.g. f t (AA) = f 1 (AA) for t > 1. This follows since the genotype frequencies of the next generation depend only on the allele frequencies of the current generation which, as calculated by equations and , are preserved from the initial generation:
Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage. [1] Specifically, it is the fraction of all chromosomes in the population that carry that allele over the total population or sample size.
The Hardy–Weinberg law describes the relationship between allele and genotype frequencies when a population is not evolving. Let's examine the Hardy–Weinberg equation using the population of four-o'clock plants that we considered above: if the allele A frequency is denoted by the symbol p and the allele a frequency denoted by q, then p+q=1.
The genotype frequencies of the combined population are a weighted mean of the subpopulation frequencies, corresponding to a point somewhere on the solid line connecting 1 and 2. This point always has a lower heterozygosity (y value) than the corresponding (in allele frequency p) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
A de Finetti diagram. The curved line is the expected Hardy–Weinberg frequency as a function of p.. A de Finetti diagram is a ternary plot used in population genetics.It is named after the Italian statistician Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985) and is used to graph the genotype frequencies of populations, where there are two alleles and the population is diploid.
The allele frequency spectrum from a sample of chromosomes is calculated by counting the number of sites with derived allele frequencies . For example, consider a sample of = individuals with eight observed variable sites. In this table, a 1 indicates that the derived allele is observed at that site, while a 0 indicates the ancestral allele was ...
Genetic equilibrium itself, whether Hardy-Weinberg or otherwise, provides the groundwork for a number of applications, in including population genetics, conservation and evolutionary biology. With the rapid increase in whole genome sequences available as well as the proliferation of anonymous markers, models have been used to extend the initial ...
In population genetics, F-statistics (also known as fixation indices) describe the statistically expected level of heterozygosity in a population; more specifically the expected degree of (usually) a reduction in heterozygosity when compared to Hardy–Weinberg expectation.