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Alan Dundes points out the Quran itself denies that there can be errors within it, "If it were from other than Allah, they would surely have found in it many contradictions". (Q.4:82) [ 118 ] Obscure words and phrases
Scholarly criticism of the Quran is thus a nascent field of study in the Islamic world. [3] [4] Scholars have identified several pre-existing sources for some Quranic narratives. [5] The Quran assumes its readers' familiarity with the Christian Bible and there are many parallels between the Bible and the Quran.
[2] [3] It uses an application of "reasoned eclecticism" [4] or (in the words of the publisher's blurb) "a method of textual analysis commonly used in studies of ancient Western and Eastern manuscripts", to attempt to 1) determine what the text was for these verses in the earliest versions of the Quran and 2) "to trace the historical ...
The self-referential discourse of the Quran is the set of rhetorical forms in which the Qur'an cites itself to varying degrees. These argumentative strategies aim to ensure its authority and support its divine origin.
[52] [53] [54] Alternatively, others believe that the Quran was compiled shortly after the death of Muhammad in 632 and canonized by end of the caliphate of Uthman (r. 644–656). [55] [56] [57] The idea that Quran is perfect and impossible to imitate as asserted in the Quran itself is disputed by critics. [58]
Therefore, they use the Quran itself to interpret the Quran, an exegetical principle known as tafsir al-Qur'an bi al-Qur'an. In matters of faith, jurisprudence, and legislation, Quranists differ from Sunnis , who consider the hadith, scholarly opinions, opinions attributed to the sahaba , ijma and qiyas , and Islam's legislative authority in ...
A rationalistic approach, as proposed by Syed Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Abduh attempts to prove that the Quran and modern sciences do not contradict each other. [41] This is close to the tafsir 'ilmi (scientific interpretation of the Quran), which claims that the Quran miraculously predicted scientific discoveries. Although this trend has existed ...
Thus, the Qur'an does not make a distinction between men and women in this creation, the purpose of the Book, or in the reward it promises". [5]: 15 This is an example of modern hermeneutics and the way it can be applied to this issue. Wadud considers that Arabic, the language of the Qur’an, is a gendered language, so that the meaning of ...