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Somatic symptom disorder, also known as somatoform disorder or somatization disorder, is defined by one or more chronic physical symptoms that coincide with excessive and maladaptive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors connected to those symptoms.
Somatization is the generation of somatic symptoms due to psychological distress, often coinciding with a tendency to seek medical help for them. [1] [2] The term somatization was introduced by Wilhelm Stekel in 1924. [3] Somatization is a worldwide phenomenon, [4] with chronic cases being classified as somatic symptom disorder. [5]
According to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , published in 1994, a mental disorder is a psychological syndrome or pattern that is associated with distress (e.g., via a painful symptom), disability (impairment in one or more important areas of functioning), increased risk of death, or causes a ...
Somatoform disorders are now called somatic symptom and related disorders. Patients that present with chronic pain can now be diagnosed with the mental illness somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain; or psychological factors that affect other medical conditions; or with an adjustment disorder. [11] [27] [28] [29] [30]
Somatic psychology or, more precisely, "somatic clinical psychotherapy" is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on somatic experience, including therapeutic and holistic approaches to the body. It seeks to explore and heal mental and physical injury and trauma through body awareness and movement.
The Somatic Symptom Scale - 8 (SSS-8) [1] is a brief self-report questionnaire used to assess somatic symptom burden. It measures the perceived burden of common somatic symptoms. These symptoms were originally chosen to reflect common symptoms in primary care but they are relevant for a large number of diseases and mental disorders.
Risk factors for medically unexplained symptoms are complex and include both psychological and organic features, and such symptoms are often accompanied by other somatic symptoms attributable to organic disease. [8] As such it is recognised that the boundary defining symptoms as medically unexplained is increasingly becoming blurred. [8]
It is classified as a mental and behavioral disorder [3] and is variously categorized as a dissociative disorder, [1] a conversion disorder, [3] or a somatic symptom disorder. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5 ), dissociative fugue is a subset of dissociative amnesia .