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Parthenogenesis is a mode of asexual reproduction in which offspring are produced by females without the genetic contribution of a male. Among all the sexual vertebrates, the only examples of true parthenogenesis, in which all-female populations reproduce without the involvement of males, are found in squamate reptiles (snakes and lizards). [1]
Parthenogenesis (/ ˌ p ɑːr θ ɪ n oʊ ˈ dʒ ɛ n ɪ s ɪ s,-θ ɪ n ə-/; [1] [2] from the Greek παρθένος, parthénos, 'virgin' + γένεσις, génesis, 'creation' [3]) is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which the embryo develops directly from an egg without need for fertilization.
Lepidodactylus lugubris measure 8.5–10 cm in length including tail (4–4.4 cm snout-to-vent). [1] [2] L. lugubris is cryptically coloured, typically light to dark tan with dark spots down the length of its back and a brown strip from the ear to the tip of the nose. [1]
The Bynoe's gecko is a slender, long-tailed species which may grow to a total length (including tail) of 11–12 cm (4.3–4.7 in). It is covered with small scales which appear to be rough, but are soft to touch. [6] It has slim toes which end with strong claws, but unlike many other gecko species, it does not have expandable toe pads.
Gargoyle geckos are primarily nocturnal. [1] [3] [8] They are an arboreal species, making their home in scrub forests. The female lays two eggs per clutch, which hatch 60 to 90 days after they are laid. The female can lay eight or nine clutches per year. On rare occasions, gargoyle geckos can reproduce asexually via parthenogenesis.
The tropical house gecko is a small lizard, having an average total length of 10–12.7 centimetres (3.9–5.0 in) (including tail) [5] and an average mass of 4.6 grams (0.16 oz). Females are on average somewhat larger than males, with the male average snout-to-vent length (SVL) being 51.56 mm (2.030 in) and the female average SVL being 54.47 ...
Some monitor lizards, including Komodo dragons, can reproduce asexually. [2] While all prokaryotes reproduce without the formation and fusion of gametes, mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation, transformation and transduction can be likened to sexual reproduction in the sense of genetic recombination in meiosis. [3] [4]
Most geckos lay a small clutch of eggs. Some are live-bearing, and a few can reproduce asexually via parthenogenesis. Geckos also have a large diversity of sex-determining mechanisms, including temperature-dependent sex determination and both XX/XY and ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes with multiple transitions among them over evolutionary time. [58]