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In relativistic physics, Lorentz symmetry or Lorentz invariance, named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz, is an equivalence of observation or observational symmetry due to special relativity implying that the laws of physics stay the same for all observers that are moving with respect to one another within an inertial frame.
This form is invariant under the Lorentz group, so that for S ∈ SL(2, C) one has , = , This defines a kind of "scalar product" of spinors, and is commonly used to defined a Lorentz-invariant mass term in Lagrangians. There are several notable properties to be called out that are important to physics.
A critical requirement of the Lorentz transformations is the invariance of the speed of light, a fact used in their derivation, and contained in the transformations themselves. If in F the equation for a pulse of light along the x direction is x = ct, then in F′ the Lorentz transformations give x′ = ct′, and vice versa, for any −c < v < c.
Measurements on light from gamma-ray bursts show that the speed of light does not vary with energy. Modern searches for Lorentz violation are scientific studies that look for deviations from Lorentz invariance or symmetry, a set of fundamental frameworks that underpin modern science and fundamental physics in particular.
In relativistic physics, Lorentz invariance states that the laws of physics should remain unchanged under Lorentz transformation.In quantum gravity, Lorentz invariance measures the universal features in the hypothetical loop quantum gravity universes; which is a hypothetical theory that explains the quantum theory of gravity based on a geometrical interpretation of the theory of relativity.
A simple Lorentz scalar in Minkowski spacetime is the spacetime distance ("length" of their difference) of two fixed events in spacetime. While the "position"-4-vectors of the events change between different inertial frames, their spacetime distance remains invariant under the corresponding Lorentz transformation.
This would imply that all forces of nature (not just electromagnetism) must be invariant under the Lorentz transformation. [A 9] In 1921 Lorentz credited Poincaré for establishing the principle and postulate of relativity and wrote: [A 16] "I have not established the principle of relativity as rigorously and universally true. Poincaré, on the ...
Photons interact with these background fields and experience frame-dependent effects, violating Lorentz invariance. The mathematics describing Lorentz violation in photons is similar to that of conventional electromagnetism in dielectrics. As a result, many of the effects of Lorentz violation are also seen in light passing through transparent ...