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Salicylic acid occurs in plants as free salicylic acid and its carboxylated esters and phenolic glycosides. Several studies suggest that humans metabolize salicylic acid in measurable quantities from these plants. [51] High-salicylate beverages and foods include beer, coffee, tea, numerous fruits and vegetables, sweet potato, nuts, and olive ...
Infections also stimulate the cross-linking of molecules in the cell wall and the deposition of lignin, responses that set up a local barricade that slows spread of the pathogen to other parts of the plant. [2] Salicylic acid plays a role in the resistance to pathogens by inducing the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. [3]
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a "whole-plant" resistance response that occurs following an earlier localized exposure to a pathogen.SAR is analogous to the innate immune system found in animals, and although there are many shared aspects between the two systems, it is thought to be a result of convergent evolution. [1]
As mentioned, salicylic acid is the mode of action for the SAR pathway. ISR enhances the defense systems of the plant by jasmonic acid (JA) mode of action. Both act on the effect of the NPR-1, but SAR utilizes PR genes. It is important to note that the two mediated responses have regulatory effects on one another.
Hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism used by plants to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens.HR is characterized by the rapid death of cells in the local region surrounding an infection and it serves to restrict the growth and spread of pathogens to other parts of the plant.
Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen or wintergreen oil) is an organic compound with the formula C 8 H 8 O 3.It is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.It is a colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet, fruity odor reminiscent of root beer (in which it is used as a flavoring), [4] but often associatively called "minty", as it is an ingredient in mint candies. [5]
Phenolic acids can be found in many plant species. Their content in dried fruits can be high.. Natural phenols in horse grams (Macrotyloma uniflorum) are mostly phenolic acids, namely 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic, p-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, syringic, and sinapinic acids.
Salicin is found in the bark of and leaves of willows, poplars and various other plants. [5] Derivates are found in castoreum.Salicin from meadowsweet was used in the synthesis of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), [6] in 1899 by scientists at Bayer.