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It may be that the Umbilicus Urbis Romae was the external (above ground) part of the subterranean Mundus. The Mundus was ritually opened only three times each year. These days were considered dies nefasti—days on which official transactions were forbidden on religious grounds—because evil spirits of the underworld were thought to escape then.
In a typical Roman city, an umbilicus (umbilicus urbis, "city navel") represented the reference point used by the city planners to map out the city spaces, including the pomerium, a sacred city boundary. The place for an umbilicus was supposedly set by examining the sky.
Umbilicus urbis Romae, the designated centre ("navel") of the city from which, and to which, all distances in Rome and the Roman Empire were measured (probably identical with the Mundus Cereris) Milliarium Aureum After Augustus erected this monument, all roads were considered to begin here and all distances in the Roman Empire were measured ...
Below is a list of European countries and dependencies by area in Europe. [1] As a continent , Europe's total geographical area is about 10 million square kilometres. [ 2 ] Transcontinental countries are ranked according to the size of their European part only, excluding Greece due to the not clearly defined boundaries of its islands between ...
The following chart lists countries and dependencies along with their capital cities, in English and non-English official language(s). In bold: internationally recognized sovereign states. The 193 member states of the United Nations (UN) Vatican City (administered by the Holy See, a UN observer state), which is generally recognized as a ...
Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap. Download coordinates as: KML; ... Pages in category "Capitals in Europe" The following 53 pages are in this category, out of ...
Umbilicus may refer to: The navel or belly button; Umbilicus (mollusc), a feature of gastropod, Nautilus and Ammonite shell anatomy; Umbilicus, a genus of over ninety species of perennial flowering plants; Umbilicus urbis Romae, the designated center of the city of Rome from which and to which all distances in Rome and the Roman Empire were ...
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