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Pressure-wind relations can be used when information is incomplete, forcing forecasters to rely on the Dvorak Technique. [6] Some storms may have particularly high or low pressures that do not match with their wind speed. For example, Hurricane Sandy had a lower pressure than expected with its associated wind speed. [7]
By contrast, the U.S. National Weather Service, Central Pacific Hurricane Center and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center define sustained winds as average winds over a period of one minute, measured at the same 33 ft (10.1 m) height, [16] [17] and that is the definition used for this scale.
The definition of sustained winds recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and used by most weather agencies is that of a 10-minute average at a height of 10 m (33 ft) above the sea surface. However, the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale is based on wind speed measurements averaged over a 1-minute period, at 10 m (33 ft).
The most intense hurricane on record is Wilma in 2005, with a minimum central pressure of 882 millibars, followed by Gilbert in 1988, the Labor Day hurricane of 1935, and Rita in 2005.
The most intense storm by lowest pressure and peak 10-minute sustained winds was Typhoon Tip, which was also the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded in terms of minimum central pressure. Storms with a minimum pressure of 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1950. [6]
If it does hit at Cat 4 power, the storm by definition would be be expected to leave a trail of "catastrophic" damage. The National Hurricane Center says Category 4 storms threaten well-built ...
Hurricane Opal, the most intense Category 4 hurricane recorded, intensified to reach a minimum pressure of 916 mbar (hPa; 27.05 inHg), [54] a pressure typical of Category 5 hurricanes. [55] Nonetheless, the pressure remains too high to list Opal as one of the ten strongest Atlantic tropical cyclones. [11]
The Hurricane Surge Index is a metric of the potential damage a storm may inflict via storm surge. It is calculated by squaring the dividend of the storm's wind speed and a climatological value (33 m/s or 74 mph), and then multiplying that quantity by the dividend of the radius of hurricane-force winds and its climatological value (96.6 km or ...