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The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into commodity chemicals for industrial and consumer products.
A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials that are feedstock for future finished products. As feedstock, the term connotes these materials are bottleneck assets and are required to produce other products.
Benzene is a raw material for dyes and synthetic detergents, and benzene and toluene for isocyanates MDI and TDI used in making polyurethanes. Manufacturers use xylenes to produce plastics and synthetic fibers. Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used to produce methanol and other chemicals.
Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of the operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production. Chemical engineers develop economical commercial processes to convert raw materials into useful products. Chemical engineering uses principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics ...
Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 150 million tonnes in 2016 [8]) exceeds that of any other organic compound. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Much of this production goes toward creating polythene , which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths.
Ammonia production takes place worldwide, mostly in large-scale manufacturing plants that produce 183 million metric tonnes [1] of ammonia (2021) annually. [2][3] Leading producers are China (31.9%), Russia (8.7%), India (7.5%), and the United States (7.1%). 80% or more of ammonia is used as fertilizer. Ammonia is also used for the production ...
The chloralkali process (also chlor-alkali and chlor alkali) is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), [1] which are commodity chemicals required by industry. Thirty five million tons of chlorine were prepared by this ...
The term "fine chemicals" was in use as early as 1908. [1] The emergence of the fine chemical industry as a distinct entity dates to the late 1970s, when the overwhelming success of the histamine H 2 receptor antagonists Tagamet (cimetidine) and Zantac (ranitidine hydrochloride) created a strong demand for advanced organic chemicals used in their manufacture.