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A cloud chamber, also known as a Wilson chamber, is a particle detector used for visualizing the passage of ionizing radiation. A cloud chamber consists of a sealed environment containing a supersaturated vapor of water or alcohol .
The ionization chamber is the simplest type of gaseous ionisation detector, and is widely used for the detection and measurement of many types of ionizing radiation, including X-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles and beta particles.
The scintillator must be shielded from all ambient light so that external photons do not swamp the ionization events caused by incident radiation. To achieve this a thin opaque foil, such as aluminized mylar, is often used, though it must have a low enough mass to minimize undue attenuation of the incident radiation being measured.
Summary of particle detector types. Many of the detectors invented and used so far are ionization detectors (of which gaseous ionization detectors and semiconductor detectors are most typical) and scintillation detectors; but other, completely different principles have also been applied, like Čerenkov light and transition radiation.
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They work by radiation penetrating the case of the unit and the enclosed ionization chamber to produce a visible reading between 0.1 R/h and 500 R/h (× 0.1, × 1, × 10, and × 100 scales). The CDV-715 ion chamber controls a subminiature type 5886 tube, but no 22.5 volt batteries are necessary for the B circuit of this tube.
The original cloud chamber of C.T.R. Wilson Wilson's Cloud Chamber at AEC's Brookhaven National Laboratory For the invention of the cloud chamber he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927. [ 7 ] [ 5 ] He shared this prize with the American physicist Arthur Compton , rewarded for his work on the particle nature of radiation. [ 19 ]
The following Radiological protection instruments can be used to detect and measure ionizing radiation: Ionization chambers; Gaseous ionization detectors; Geiger counters; Photodetectors; Scintillation counters; Semiconductor detectors