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Vanadium(IV) oxide or vanadium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula VO 2. It is a dark blue solid. It is a dark blue solid. Vanadium (IV) dioxide is amphoteric , dissolving in non-oxidising acids to give the blue vanadyl ion , [VO] 2+ and in alkali to give the brown [V 4 O 9 ] 2− ion, or at high pH [VO 4 ] 4− . [ 4 ]
Vanadium(V) oxide serves the crucial purpose of catalysing the mildly exothermic oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide by air in the contact process: 2 SO 2 + O 2 ⇌ 2 SO 3 The discovery of this simple reaction, for which V 2 O 5 is the most effective catalyst, allowed sulfuric acid to become the cheap commodity chemical it is today.
Vanadium(II) oxide is the inorganic compound with the idealized formula VO. It is one of the several binary vanadium oxides. It adopts a distorted NaCl structure and contains weak V−V metal to metal bonds. VO is a semiconductor owing to delocalisation of electrons in the t 2g orbitals.
Vanadium compounds are compounds formed by the element vanadium (V). The chemistry of vanadium is noteworthy for the accessibility of the four adjacent oxidation states 2–5, whereas the chemistry of the other group 5 elements , niobium and tantalum , are somewhat more limited to the +5 oxidation state. [ 1 ]
Vanadium oxide mainly refers to: Vanadium(II) oxide (vanadium monoxide), VO; Vanadium(III) oxide (vanadium sesquioxide or trioxide), V 2 O 3; Vanadium(IV) oxide (vanadium dioxide), VO 2; Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadium pentoxide), V 2 O 5; Various other distinct phases include: Phases with the general formula V n O 2n+1 exist between V 2 O 5 and VO 2.
Vanadium(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula V 2 O 3. It is a black solid prepared by reduction of V 2 O 5 with hydrogen or carbon monoxide . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is a basic oxide dissolving in acids to give solutions of vanadium (III) complexes. [ 4 ]
Vanadium content in ferrovanadium ranges from 35% to 85%. FeV80 (80% Vanadium) is the most common ferrovanadium composition. [3] In addition to iron and vanadium, small amounts of silicon, aluminum, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic, copper, and manganese are found in ferrovanadium. Impurities can make up to 11% by weight of the alloy.
Vanadium forms oxides in the +2, +3, +4 and +5 oxidation states, forming vanadium(II) oxide (VO), vanadium(III) oxide (V 2 O 3), vanadium(IV) oxide (VO 2) and vanadium(V) oxide (V 2 O 5). Vanadium(V) oxide or vanadium pentoxide is the most common, being precursor to most alloys and compounds of vanadium, and is also a widely used industrial ...