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Arsenic contamination of ground water is found in many countries throughout the world, including the US. [2] The World Health Organization recommends limiting arsenic concentrations in water to 10 μg/L, although this is often an unattainable goal for many problem areas due to the difficult nature of removing arsenic from water sources. [3]
Arsenic is a common natural contaminant of well water and is highly carcinogenic. Iron oxide adsorption treatment for arsenic in groundwater is a commonly practiced removal process which involves the chemical treatment of arsenic species such that they adsorb onto iron oxides and create larger particles that may be filtered out of the water stream.
Arsenic can enter groundwater due to naturally occurring arsenic at deeper levels or from mine workings. Arsenic(III) can be removed from water by a number of methods, oxidation of As III to As V for example with chlorine followed by coagulation with for example iron(III) sulfate. Other methods include ion-exchange and filtration.
The presence of sulfur is another factor that affects the transformation of arsenic in natural water. Arsenic can precipitate when metal sulfides form. In this way, arsenic is removed from the water and its mobility decreases. When oxygen is present, bacteria oxidize reduced sulfur to generate energy, potentially releasing bound arsenic.
In fact, when ingested, arsenic — a natural element found in the earth's crust — can affect several organs and systems, including the nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, immune and endocrine ...
Long-term exposure can result in thickening of the skin, darker skin, abdominal pain, diarrhea, heart disease, numbness, and cancer. [1] The most common reason for long-term exposure is contaminated drinking water. [3] Groundwater most often becomes contaminated naturally; however, contamination may also occur from mining or agriculture. [1]
Arsenates, along with arsenites, are a significant source of contamination in some natural water sources and can lead to arsenic poisoning with repeated exposure. [19] [20] Countries with high levels of arsenic minerals in sediment and rock, such as Bangladesh, are especially at risk of arsenate contamination. [21] [20]
Arsenic poisoning is a global problem arising from naturally occurring arsenic in ground water. The evidence that arsenic may be a beneficial nutrient at trace levels below the background to which living organisms are normally exposed has been reviewed. [ 3 ]