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The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, [a] was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed from 1809 to 1917 as an autonomous state within the Russian Empire .
The Grand Duchy inherited its allotment system (Finnish: ruotujakolaitos, Swedish: indelningsverket) from the Swedish military organization. However, for several decades, Russian rulers did not require military service from Finland – operations and defence were mostly taken care by Russian troops based in the grand duchy.
The Battle of Valkeala in 1790 took place in Valkeala, Finland, between Sweden and the Russian Empire.At the time, Finland was a component of the Swedish Realm. During the several following centuries, a gradual and slow process of Swedish expansion in today's Finland and the consolidation of Sweden took place, not through wars fought between the Finns and the Swedes, but rather by various ...
This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) During the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia, Finland was again conquered by the armies of Tsar Alexander I.
A few months later, on 6 January 1810, the Russian government mediated the Treaty of Paris between Sweden and France. Russia would create the Grand Duchy of Finland from the territory obtained from Sweden, and would attach the areas gained from Sweden in the 18th century (so-called Old Finland) to the new Grand Duchy in
Constructed during the Swedish rule of Finland in the 18th century, the fortress of Viapori (sv:Sveaborg, renamed in Finnish in 1918 as fi:Suomenlinna) was the main defensive installation in the Grand Duchy of Finland. After the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland was moved from Turku to Helsinki in 1812
The eastern part became the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland. Due to the Continental System, Britain was yet again still at war with Napoleon and was not affected by the peace treaty. [citation needed] In negotiations with captured Swedes after the Battle of Lübeck, Marshal Bernadotte first came to the attention of the Swedish authorities.
In 1808, supported by France, Russia successfully challenged Swedish control over Finland in the Finnish War. In the Treaty of Fredrikshamn on September 17, 1809, Sweden was obliged to cede all its territory in Finland east of the Torne River to Russia. The Russian Empire reconstituted the new territories into the autonomic Grand Duchy of ...