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Due to their usefulness, they were later included in several other implementations of the C++ Standard Library (e.g., the GNU Compiler Collection's (GCC) libstdc++ [2] and the Visual C++ (MSVC) standard library). The hash_* class templates were proposed into C++ Technical Report 1 (C++ TR1) and were accepted under names unordered_*. [3]
The STL was created as the first library of generic algorithms and data structures for C++, with four ideas in mind: generic programming, abstractness without loss of efficiency, the Von Neumann computation model, [2] and value semantics. The STL and the C++ Standard Library are two distinct entities. [3]
In PHP and R, all arrays can be associative, except that the keys are limited to integers and strings. In JavaScript (see also JSON), all objects behave as associative arrays with string-valued keys, while the Map and WeakMap types take arbitrary objects as keys. In Lua, they are used as the primitive building block for all data structures.
The format string syntax and semantics is the same for all of the functions in the printf-like family. Mismatch between the format specifiers and count and type of values can cause a crash or vulnerability. The printf format string is complementary to the scanf format string, which provides formatted input (lexing a.k.a. parsing). Both format ...
A HAMT is an array mapped trie where the keys are first hashed to ensure an even distribution of keys and a constant key length. In a typical implementation of HAMT's array mapped tri
The C++ Standard Library is based upon conventions introduced by the Standard Template Library (STL), and has been influenced by research in generic programming and developers of the STL such as Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee. [4] [5] Although the C++ Standard Library and the STL share many features, neither is a strict superset of the other.
The formatting placeholders in scanf are more or less the same as that in printf, its reverse function.As in printf, the POSIX extension n$ is defined. [2]There are rarely constants (i.e., characters that are not formatting placeholders) in a format string, mainly because a program is usually not designed to read known data, although scanf does accept these if explicitly specified.
In modern standard C++, a string literal such as "hello" still denotes a NUL-terminated array of characters. [1] Using C++ classes to implement a string type offers several benefits of automated memory management and a reduced risk of out-of-bounds accesses, [2] and more intuitive syntax for string comparison and concatenation. Therefore, it ...