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A Banach space is super-reflexive if all Banach spaces finitely representable in are reflexive, or, in other words, if no non-reflexive space is finitely representable in . The notion of ultraproduct of a family of Banach spaces [ 14 ] allows for a concise definition: the Banach space X {\displaystyle X} is super-reflexive when its ultrapowers ...
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ ˈ b ɑː. n ʌ x /, Polish pronunciation:) is a complete normed vector space.Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is ...
In functional analysis, the type and cotype of a Banach space are a classification of Banach spaces through probability theory and a measure, how far a Banach space from a Hilbert space is. The starting point is the Pythagorean identity for orthogonal vectors ( e k ) k = 1 n {\displaystyle (e_{k})_{k=1}^{n}} in Hilbert spaces
Tsirelson space, a reflexive Banach space in which neither nor can be embedded. W.T. Gowers construction of a space X {\displaystyle X} that is isomorphic to X ⊕ X ⊕ X {\displaystyle X\oplus X\oplus X} but not X ⊕ X {\displaystyle X\oplus X} serves as a counterexample for weakening the premises of the Schroeder–Bernstein theorem [ 1 ]
Indeed, the elements of define a pointwise bounded family of continuous linear forms on the Banach space := ′, which is the continuous dual space of . By the uniform boundedness principle, the norms of elements of S , {\displaystyle S,} as functionals on X , {\displaystyle X,} that is, norms in the second dual Y ″ , {\displaystyle Y'',} are ...
The unit sphere can be replaced with the closed unit ball in the definition. Namely, a normed vector space is uniformly convex if and only if for every < there is some > so that, for any two vectors and in the closed unit ball (i.e. ‖ ‖ and ‖ ‖) with ‖ ‖, one has ‖ + ‖ (note that, given , the corresponding value of could be smaller than the one provided by the original weaker ...
In a non-reflexive Banach space, such as the Lebesgue space () of all bounded sequences, Riesz’s lemma does not hold for =. [ 5 ] However, every finite dimensional normed space is a reflexive Banach space, so Riesz’s lemma does holds for α = 1 {\displaystyle \alpha =1} when the normed space is finite-dimensional, as will now be shown.
In Banach spaces, a large part of the study involves the dual space: the space of all continuous linear maps from the space into its underlying field, so-called functionals. A Banach space can be canonically identified with a subspace of its bidual, which is the dual of its dual space. The corresponding map is an isometry but in general not ...