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A uterine malformation is a type of female genital malformation resulting from an abnormal development of the Müllerian duct(s) during embryogenesis. Symptoms range from amenorrhea , infertility , recurrent pregnancy loss , and pain, to normal functioning depending on the nature of the defect.
Müllerian duct anomalies are those structural anomalies caused by errors in Müllerian duct development as an embryo forms. Factors contributing to them include genetics and maternal exposure to substances that interfere with fetal development. [1] [2] Genetic causes of Müllerian duct anomalies are complicated and uncommon.
Müllerian agenesis (including absence of the uterus, cervix and/or vagina) is the cause in 15% of cases of primary amenorrhoea. [2] Because most of the vagina does not develop from the Müllerian duct, instead developing from the urogenital sinus, along with the bladder and urethra, it is present even when the Müllerian duct is completely absent.
Dr. Laura Purdy, chief medical officer at Wisp, a sexual health care group, says that “uterus didelphys is rare,” only accounting for 8% of the congenital anomalies of the female reproductive ...
In PMDS, an abnormality in the anti-Müllerian hormone signaling pathway causes the in-males-redundant Müllerian duct to persist and give rise to variously developed female reproductive organs. [citation needed] PMDS has various causes related to AMH or receptor abnormalities.
DES-exposed daughters are at an increased risk of abnormalities of the reproductive tract, including vaginal epithelial changes such as vaginal adenosis (which means a type of cell normally found in the uterus, columnar cells, are also present in the vagina), an increased cervical transformation zone, and uterine abnormalities, such as T-shaped ...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia can cause the abnormal development of the vagina. [52] [53] [54] Vaginal adenosis is the abnormal presence of cervical and uterine tissue within the wall of the vagina. [55] Ten percent of women have this condition and remain unsymptomatic. It rarely develops into a malignancy. [56]
The arcuate uterus is a form of a uterine anomaly or variation where the uterine cavity displays a concave contour towards the fundus. Normally the uterine cavity is straight or convex towards the fundus on anterior-posterior imaging, but in the arcuate uterus the myometrium of the fundus dips into the cavity and may form a small septation .