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The barrel drum doholak survived in Balochistan, while all three drum types mentioned are widespread further east in India. On the other hand, the hand-played goblet drum tombak and the frame drum duff are essential to classical music in Iran . The drums played with sticks in folk music are functionally differentiated from this.
At least according to one scholar, Jacob M. Landau, not only is secular and folk music found in regions throughout the Muslim world, but Islam has its own distinctive category of music -- the "Islamic music" or the "classical Islamic music" — that began development "with the advent of Islam about 610 CE" as a "new art". [40]
Daf (Persian: دف), also known as dâyere and riq, is a Middle Eastern (mainly Iranian) [1] frame drum musical instrument, used in popular and classical music in South and Central Asia. It is also used in Afghanistan , Azerbaijan , Tajikistan , Iran , Uzbekistan , many regions of Georgia , Armenia , Pakistan as well as in parts of India [ 2 ...
The specific notes used in a piece will be part of one of more than seventy modes or maqam rows named after characteristic tones that are rarely the first tone (unlike in European-influenced music theory where the tonic is listed first). The rows are heptatonic and constructed from augmented, major, neutral, and minor seconds. Many different ...
A bedug is a large double-headed drum [2] with water buffalo or cow leather on both ends. [3] [1]Unlike the more frequently used kendang, the bedug is suspended from a frame and played with a padded mallet.
Islamic music may refer to religious music, as performed in Islamic public services or private devotions, or more generally to musical traditions of the Muslim world. The heartland of Islam is the Middle East , North Africa , the Horn of Africa , Balkans , and West Africa , Iran , Central Asia , and South Asia .
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The notes of a maqam are not always tuned in equal temperament, meaning that the frequency ratios of successive pitches are not necessarily identical. A maqam also determines other things, such as the tonic (starting note), the ending note, and the dominant note. It also determines which notes should be emphasized and which should not. [3]