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Cephalopods have large, well-developed brains, [8] [9] [10] and their brain-to-body mass ratio is the largest among the invertebrates, falling between that of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates. [11] The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of all invertebrates.
An octopus (pl.: octopuses or octopodes [a]) is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda (/ ɒ k ˈ t ɒ p ə d ə /, ok-TOP-ə-də [3]).The order consists of some 300 species and is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids.
Octopus vulgaris grows to 25 cm (10 inches) in mantle length with arms up to 1 m (3.3 feet) long. [3] It lives for 1–2 years and may weigh up to 9 kg (20 pounds). [4] [5] Mating may become cannibalistic. [6] O. vulgaris is caught by bottom trawls on a huge scale off the northwestern coast of Africa. More than 20,000 tonnes (22,000 short tons ...
Shellfish allergy is among the most common food allergies."Shellfish" is a colloquial and fisheries term for aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs such as clams, mussels, oysters and scallops, crustaceans such as shrimp, lobsters and crabs, and cephalopods such as squid and octopus.
The spongetip octopus has gelatinous skin with deeply webbed arms bearing a single row of suckers. The common English name refers to the spongy tips of the mature male's arms; these are thought to have some reproductive function. Like other members of the genus Eledone, this octopus has an ink sac and no fins on the mantle.
The octopus central brain contains 40 to 45 million cells. The brain-to-body mass ratio of the octopus is the highest of all the invertebrates and larger than that of most fish and reptiles (i.e. vertebrates). However, scientists have noted that brain size is not necessarily related to the complexity of its function. [45] [46]
The octopus brain has folded lobes (a distinct characteristic of complexity) and visual and tactile memory centers. They have about 300 million neurons . [ 23 ] They have been known to open tank valves, disassemble expensive equipment, and generally wreak havoc in labs and aquaria. [ 23 ]
The octopus has been found as far south as Namibian waters and as far north as British waters. [5] In the early 1900s, many octopuses living all over the Atlantic and Indian oceans were classed as Opisthoteuthis grimaldii , but later scientists decided that only those specimens found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean actually belonged to the species.