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In the United States, the quality of gold-filled composite is defined by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). If the gold layer is 10kt fineness, the minimum weight of the plated layer on an item stamped gold-filled marks according to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) must equal at least 1 ⁄ 20th of the total weight of the item.
For example, a gold alloy of 127 ⁄ 128 fineness (that is, 99.2% purity) could have been described as being 23-karat, 3-grain, 1-quart gold. The carat fractional system is increasingly being complemented or superseded by the millesimal system, described above for bullion, though jewelry generally tends to still use the carat system.
In 1970, South Africa produced 995 tonnes or 32 million ounces of gold, two-thirds of the world's production of 47.5 million ounces. [2] Production figures are for primary mine production. In the US, for example, for the year 2011, secondary sources (new and old scrap) exceeded primary production. [3]
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Gold mining can significantly alter the natural environment. Gold mining activities in tropical forests are increasingly causing deforestation along rivers and in remote areas rich in biodiversity. [73] [74] Mining has increased rainforest loss up to 70 km beyond lease boundaries, causing nearly 11,670 km 2 of deforestation between 2005 to 2015 ...
In 2024, we added 2,000 field mechanics and field professionals, which is a skilled craft, to our prior 42,000 population. So, we increased 5% our direct field workforce.
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Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...