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The operation was preceded by Operation Margarethe in March 1944, which was the occupation of Hungary by German forces, which Hitler had hoped would secure Hungary's place in the Axis powers. [1] This had also enabled the deportation of the majority of Hungarian Jews , previously beyond the reach of the Nazis, through uneasy cooperation with ...
German Bf 110s flying over Budapest in January 1944. Hungarian Prime Minister Miklós Kállay, who had been in office from 1942, had the knowledge and the approval of Hungarian Regent Miklós Horthy to secretly seek negotiations for a separate peace with the Allies in early 1944. Hitler wanted to prevent the Hungarians from deserting Germany.
Kertesz, Stephen D. "The Methods of Communist Conquest: Hungary 1944-1947." World Politics (1950): 20-54 online. Kertesz, Stephen D. Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary Between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia (U of Notre Dame Press, 1953). online; Macartney, C. A. October Fifteenth: A History of Modern Hungary 1929–1945 2 vols. (Edinburgh UP ...
McCann, Frank D. Brazil and the United States during World War II and its aftermath: negotiating alliance and balancing giants (Springer, 2018). online; Mandur Thomaz, D. "Propaganda and Entertainment in the BBC Latin American Service During WW2: The Case of Antônio Callado and the Brazilian Section" Media History (2021). 28(1), 142–159.
The Hungarian gold train was a Nazi-operated train that carried stolen goods, mostly the property of Hungarian Jews, from Hungary to Berlin, Germany, in 1945. After seizure of the train by the Seventh United States Army , almost none of the valuables were returned to Hungary or their rightful owners or surviving family members.
Occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany may refer to Operation Margarethe, the occupation of Hungary by German forces on 19 March 1944; Operation Panzerfaust, military operation to occupy Hungary in October 1944; Government of National Unity (Hungary), puppet government formed by the Arrow Cross Party on 16 October 1944
In 1944, the Arrow Cross Party's fortunes abruptly reversed when Hitler lost patience with Horthy's and his moderate prime minister's, Miklós Kállay's, reluctance to fully toe the Nazi line. In March 1944, the Germans invaded and occupied Hungary, which resulted in Kállay fleeing, and a Nazi proxy, Döme Sztójay, replacing him who quickly ...
Part of the broader Budapest Offensive, the siege began when Budapest, defended by Hungarian and German troops, was encircled on 26 December 1944 by the Red Army and the Romanian Army. During the siege, about 38,000 civilians died through starvation, military action, and mass executions of Jews by the far-right Hungarian nationalist Arrow Cross ...