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Lung ultrasound, with appropriate expertise, equipment, and training, may offer an alternative way to diagnose the severity of IRDS. [10] A semi-quantitative lung ultrasound score performed during bedside lung echography was first described by Brat et al. and found to correlate with the oxygenation status of infants with RDS. [23]
Medical diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia in utero may use imaging, usually ultrasound or MRI. [12] [13] The extent of hypoplasia is a very important prognostic factor. [14]One study of 147 fetuses (49 normal, 98 with abnormalities) found that a simple measurement, the ratio of chest length to trunk length, was a useful predictor of postnatal respiratory distress. [15]
Pulmonary agenesis is an inborn lung underdevelopment that is rare and potentially lethal. [1] The disorder is caused by a complete developmental arrest of the primitive lung during embryonic life, and it is often associated with other developmental defects. [2]
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; part of the spectrum of chronic lung disease of infancy) is a chronic lung disease which affects premature infants. Premature (preterm) infants who require treatment with supplemental oxygen or require long-term oxygen are at a higher risk. [ 1 ]
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), formerly known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), is a congenital disorder of the lung similar to bronchopulmonary sequestration. In CPAM, usually an entire lobe of lung is replaced by a non-working cystic piece of abnormal lung tissue.
In the mid-1960s, the organization focused its efforts on prevention of birth defects and infant mortality, which became its mission. [21] [22] At that time, the cause of birth defects was unknown; only the effects were visible. In 1976, the organization changed its name to the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. [6]
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