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Preferential voting or preference voting (PV) may refer to different election systems or groups of election systems: Any electoral system that allows a voter to indicate multiple preferences where preferences marked are weighted or used as contingency votes (any system other than plurality or anti-plurality )
Plurality voting is the most common voting system, and has been in widespread use since the earliest democracies.As plurality voting has exhibited weaknesses from its start, especially as soon as a third party joins the race, some individuals turned to transferable votes (facilitated by contingent ranked ballots) to reduce the incidence of wasted votes and unrepresentative election results.
Location parameters may be based on the mean, the median, or the mode; but since ranked preference ballots provide only ordinal information, the median is the only acceptable statistic. This can be seen from the diagram, which illustrates two simulated elections with the same candidates but different voter distributions.
Under full-preferential voting, a voter must rank all candidates. Under "optional preferential voting," a voter can mark as many preferences as they desire. Under semi-optional preferential voting, the voter is required to rank some number of candidates greater than one but less than the total number of candidates in the running.
Instant-runoff voting (IRV; US: ranked-choice voting (RCV), AU: preferential voting, UK/NZ: alternative vote) is a single-winner, multi-round elimination rule that uses ranked voting to simulate a series of runoff elections. In each round, the candidate with the fewest first-preferences (among the remaining candidates) is eliminated. This ...
Instant-runoff (preferential) voting method. TPP/TCP vote is calculated when two candidates remain. In Australian politics, the two-party-preferred vote (TPP or 2PP), commonly referred to as simply preferences, is the result of an election or opinion poll after preferences have been distributed to the two candidates with the highest number of votes who, in some cases, can be independents.
The single transferable vote (STV) is a proportional representation system and ranked voting rule that elects multiple winners. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to their first-ranked candidate. Candidates are elected (winners) if their vote tally exceeds the electoral quota.
For such as Australian general and state elections (called preferential voting). In the United States, it is known as ranked-choice voting and is used in a growing number of states and localities. In Ireland it is known as the single transferable vote (STV) and is used for presidential elections and parliamentary elections.