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A memory controller, also known as memory chip controller (MCC) or a memory controller unit (MCU), is a digital circuit that manages the flow of data going to and from a computer's main memory. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When a memory controller is integrated into another chip, such as an integral part of a microprocessor , it is usually called an integrated ...
Renesas M66591GP: USB2.0 Peripheral Controller An application-specific standard product or ASSP is an integrated circuit that implements a specific function that appeals to a wide market. As opposed to ASICs that combine a collection of functions and are designed by or for one customer , ASSPs are available as off-the-shelf components.
This is an enhanced southbridge for the remaining peripherals—as traditional northbridge duties, such as memory controller, expansion bus (PCIe) interface and even on-board video controller, are integrated into the CPU die itself (the chipset often contains secondary PCIe connections though).
One of the advantages of having the memory controller integrated on the CPU die is to reduce latency from the CPU to memory. Some northbridge chips have supported dual processors, for example Intel's 5000X memory controller used in the original Mac Pro from 2006. Another example of this kind of change is Nvidia's nForce3 for AMD K8 systems.
With AMD's release of the Opteron, which integrated the memory controller into the CPU, NUMA systems that share more than one memory controller in a single system have become common in applications that require the power of more than the common desktop. [citation needed] Channels are the highest-level structure at the local memory controller level.
The Platform Controller Hub (PCH) is a family of Intel's single-chip chipsets, first introduced in 2009. It is the successor to the Intel Hub Architecture , which used two chips–a northbridge and southbridge , and first appeared in the Intel 5 Series .
Memory modules of SK Hynix. In computing, a memory module or RAM stick is a printed circuit board on which memory integrated circuits are mounted. [1] Memory modules permit easy installation and replacement in electronic systems, especially computers such as personal computers, workstations, and servers. The first memory modules were ...
Thus, the northbridge became the Memory Controller Hub (MCH) or if it had integrated graphics (e.g., Intel 810), the Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH). Other ICH features include: PCI Rev 2.2 compliant with support for 33 MHz PCI operations. Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) Support; Integrated IDE controller for Ultra ...