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An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. [1] To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have human occupancy or use as their principal purpose. [2]
In adding the dome to the Florence Cathedral in the early 15th century, the architect Filippo Brunelleschi not only transformed the building and the city, but also the role and status of the architect. [1] [2] Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. [3]
A pillar boutant is a large chain or jamb of stone, made to support a wall, terrace, or vault. The word is French, and comes from the verb bouter, "to butt" or "abut". [4] Bracket (see also corbel) A weight-bearing member made of wood, stone, or metal that overhangs a wall. Bressummer
The word charrette is French for 'cart' or 'chariot'. Its use in the sense of design and planning arose in the 19th century at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where it was not unusual at the end of a term for teams of student architects to work right up until a deadline, when a charrette would be wheeled among them to collect up their scale models and other work for review. [6]
Several architects occur in worldwide mythology, including Daedalus, builder of the Labyrinth, in Greek myth. In the Bible, Nimrod is considered the creator of the Tower of Babel, and King Solomon built Solomon's Temple with the assistance of the architect Hiram. In Hinduism, the palaces of the gods were built by the architect and artisan ...
Umayyad architecture – based in Damascus (c. 660–750) Abbasid architecture – based in Baghdad (c. 750–1256) Mamluk architecture – based in Cairo (c. 1256–1517) Ottoman architecture – based in Istanbul (c. 1517–1918) Regional Styles Egypt Early Islamic architecture (Rashidi + Umayyad) (641–750) Abbasid architecture (750–954)
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Within the professions, the word 'designer' is generally qualified by the area of practice (for example: a fashion designer, a product designer, a web designer, or an interior designer), but it can also designate other practitioners such as architects and engineers (see below: Types of designing).