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William McDougall FRS [1] (/ m ə k ˈ d uː ɡ əl /; 22 June 1871 – 28 November 1938) was an early 20th century psychologist who was a professor at University College London, University of Oxford, Harvard University and Duke University. [2]
The history of group dynamics (or group processes) [2] has a consistent, underlying premise: "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts." A social group is an entity that has qualities which cannot be understood just by studying the individuals that make up the group.
William McDougall, writing in 1932, put forward a conjecture observing that "five distinguishable but separable factors" could be identified when looking at personality. His suggestions, "intellect, character, temperament, disposition and temper", have been seen as "anticipating" the adoption of the Big Five model in subsequent years. [ 8 ]
The James-Lange theory of emotion was proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange. This theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological responses to outside stimuli or events. For example, this theory suggests that if someone is driving down the road and sees the headlights of another car heading toward ...
William McDougall made a reference to "evolutionary psychology" in his 1919 book An Introduction to Social Psychology: "It is only a comparative and evolutionary psychology that can provide the needed basis (for psychology); and this could not be created before the work of Darwin had convinced men of the continuity of human with animal ...
1943 – Abraham Maslow published the paper A Theory of Human Motivation, describing Maslow's hierarchy of needs. 1944 – Zach Andrew and Cameron Peter published Myer's Psychology Second Edition where they revolutionized the approach of learned Psychology; 1945 – The Journal of Clinical Psychology was founded. 1946 – Kurt Lewin founded ...
Michael Apter, reversal theory; Michael Argyle, social psychology, discourse analysis; Robert Arkin, social psychology; Magda B. Arnold; Solomon Asch (Asch conformity experiments, Social influence, Peer pressure) Roberto Assagioli; John William Atkinson, human motivation, achievement and behavior; Aušra Augustinavičiūtė; Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
Influenced by the ideas of William McDougall, Lorenz developed this into a "psychohydraulic" model of the motivation of behavior, which tended towards group selectionist ideas, which were influential in the 1960s. Another of his contributions to ethology is his work on imprinting.